The talk will address the strategic discussions within Italian airpower circles in the interwar period, focussing primarily on the two main protagonists with are Giulio Douhet on the one hand and Amedeo Mecozzi on the other and locating their contributions within their particular political, military and ‘philosophical’ contexts. Drawing on the experiences and their analyses of the First World War, the talk will then focus on how the experiences in Ethiopia and Spain during the 1930s shaped the way in which the Italian air-forces entered the Second World War.